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Dynastic Race Theory
The Dynastic Race Theory was the earliest thesis to attempt to explain how predynastic Egypt developed into the sophisticated monarchy of Dynastic Egypt. The Theory holds that the earliest roots of the Ancient Egyptian dynastic civilisation were imported by invaders from Mesopotamia who then founded the First Dynasty and brought culture to the indigenous population. This theory had strong supporters in the Egyptological community in the first half of the 20th century, but has since lost mainstream support.
==Origins==
In the early 20th century, Egyptologist Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie deduced that skeletal remains found at pre-dynastic sites at Naqada (Upper Egypt) indicated the presence of two different races, with the Dynastic Race, also referred to as the "Followers of Horus",〔Emery, W.B. Archaic Egypt, Penguin Books, 1987 0-14-020462-8〕 differentiated physically by a noticeably larger skeletal structure and cranial capacity.〔Derry, D.E., The Dynastic Race in Egypt, Journal of Egyptian Archeology, vol 42, 1956〕 Petrie concluded that the physical differences of the remains in conjunction with the previously unknown burials styles, uncharacteristic tomb architecture, and abundance of foreign artifacts, implied this race must have been an invading ruling elite that was responsible for the seemingly sudden rise of Egyptian civilization. Based on plentiful cultural evidence, Petrie determined that the invader race had come from Mesopotamia, and imposed themselves on the native Badarian culture to become their rulers. Petrie adduced new architectural styles — the distinctly Mesopotamian "niched-facade" architecture — pottery styles, cylinder seals and a few artworks, as well as numerous Predynastic rock and tomb paintings depicting Mesopotamian style boats, symbols, and figures.
This came to be called the “Dynastic Race Theory”〔Mary R. Lefkowitz, Guy MacLean Rogers, (Black Athena Revisited, pg65 )〕〔Early dynastic Egypt, by Toby A. H. Wilkinson, pg 15〕 The theory further argued that the Mesopotamians then conquered both Upper and Lower Egypt and founded the First Dynasty. Predynastic and First Dynasty burial sites similar to Naqada were also found at Abydos, Sakkara, and Hieraconpolis.〔
Versions of the Dynastic race model were adopted by scholars as L. A. Waddell,〔Egyptian Civilization Its Sumerian Origin and Real Chronology, by L. A. Waddell〕 and Walter Bryan Emery, a former Chair of Egyptology at University College London.
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